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Accordion fold - Bindery term, two or more
parallel folds which open like an accordion.
Against the grain - At right angles to
direction of paper grain.
Alteration - Change in copy of specifications
after production has begun.
Artboard - Alternate term for mechanical art.
Author's corrections - Also know as "AC's".
Changed and additions in copy after it has been typeset.
Back up - Printing the second side of a sheet
already printed on one side.
Banding - Method of packaging printed pieces of
paper using rubber or paper bands.
Basis weigh - Weight in pounds of a ream of
paper cut to the basic size for its grade.
Bind - To fasten sheets or signatures with
wire, thread, glue. or by other means.
Bindery - The finishing department of a print
shop or firm specializing in finishing printed products.
Blanket - The thick rubber mat on a printing
press that transfers ink from the plate to paper.
Bleed - Printing that goes to the edge of the
sheet after trimming.
Blind embossing - An image pressed into a sheet
without ink or foil.
Blueline - A blue photographic proof used to
check position of all image elements.
Board - Alternate term for mechanical.
Bond & carbon - Business form with paper and
carbon paper.
Bond paper - Strong durable paper grade used
for letterheads and business forms.
Break for color - Also known as a color break.
To separate mechanically or by software the parts to be printed
in different colors.
Brightness - The brilliance or reflectance of
paper.
Bulk - Thickness of paper stock in thousandths
of an inch or number of pages per inch.
Bulk pack - Boxing printed product without
wrapping or banding.
Burn - Exposing a printing plate to high
intensity light or placing an image on a printing plate by
light.
Butt fit - Printed colors that overlap one row
of dots so they appear to butt.
Carbonless - Pressure sensitive writing paper
that does not use carbon.
Camera-ready copy - Print ready mechanical art.
Carload: A truck load of paper weighing 40000
pounds.
Case bind: A type of binding used in making
hard cover books using glue.
Cast coated: Coated paper with a high gloss
reflective finish.
Chrome: A term for a transparency.
Coated paper: A clay coated printing paper with
a smooth finish.
Collate: A finishing term for gathering paper
in a precise order.
Color bar: A quality control term regarding the
spots of ink color on the tail of a sheet.
Color correction: Methods of improving color
separations.
Color filter: Filters uses in making color
separations, red, blue, green.
Color key: Color proofs in layers of acetate:
Color matching system: A system of formulated
ink colors used for communicating color.
Color separations: The process of preparing
artwork, photographs, transparencies, or computer generated art
for printing by separating into the four primary printing
colors.
Comb bind: To plastic comb bind by inserting
the comb into punched holes.
Composite film: Combining two or more images on
one or more pieces of film.
Continuous-tone copy: Illustrations,
photographs or computer files that contain gradient tones from
black to white or light to dark.
Contrast: The tonal change in color from light
to dark.
Copy: All furnished material or disc used in
the production of a printed product.
Cover paper: A heavy printing paper used to
cover books, make presentation folders, etc.
Crash number: Numbering paper by pressing an
image on the first sheet which is transferred to all parts of
the printed set.
Crimping: Puncture marks holding business forms
together.
Cromalin: Trade name for DuPont color proofs.
Crop: To cut off parts of a picture or image.
Crop marks: Printed lines showing where to trim
a printed sheet.
Crossover: Printing across the gutter or from
one page to the facing page of a publication.
Cyan: One of four standard process colors. The
blue color.
Densitometer: A quality control devise to
measure the density of printing ink.
Density: The degree of color or darkness of an
image or photograph.
Diazo: A light sensitive coating used on
printing plates.
Die: Metal rule or imaged block used to cut or
place an image on paper in the finishing process.
Die cutting: Curing images in or out of paper.
Ding bats: Often used to curse in print or to
hi-lite a point.
Dot: An element of halftones. Using a loupe you
will see that printed pictures are made many dots.
Dot gain or spread: A term used to explain the
difference in size between the dot on film v paper.
Double burn: Exposing a plate to multiple
images.
Draw-down: A sample of ink and paper used to
evaluate ink colors.
Drop-out: Portions of artwork that do not
print.
Dummy: A rough layout of a printed piece
showing position and finished size.
Duotone: A halftone picture made up of two
printed colors.
Dylux: Photographic paper made by DuPont and
used for bluelines.
Emboss: Pressing an image into paper so that it
will create a raised relief.
Emulsion: Light sensitive coating found on
printing plates and film.
Eurobind: A patented method of binding perfect
bound books so they will open and lay flatter.
Facsimile transmission: The process of
converting graphic images into electronic signals.
Film rip: See Rip film.
Flat: An assembly of negatives taped to masking
materials for platemaking.
Flood: To cover a printed page with ink,
varnish, or plastic coating.
Flop: The reverse side of an image.
Foil: A metallic or pigmented coating on
plastic sheets or rolls used in foil stamping and foil
embossing.
Foil emboss: Foil stamping and embossing a
image on paper with a die.
Foil stamping: Using a die to place a metallic
or pigmented image on paper.
4-color-process: The process of combining four
basic colors to create a printed color picture or colors
composed from the basic four colors.
French fold: Two folds at right angles to each
other.
Galley proof: Text copy before it is put into a
mechanical layout or desktop layout.
Gang: Getting the most out of a printing press
by using the maximum sheet size to print multiple images or jobs
on the same sheet. A way to save money.
Generation: Stages of reproduction from
original copy. A first generation reproduction yields the best
quality.
Ghost bars: A quality control method used to
reduce ghosted image created by heat or chemical contamination.
Ghosting: A faint printed image that appears on
a printed sheet where it was not intended. More often than not
this problem is a function of graphical design. It is hard to
tell when or where ghosting will occur. Sometimes you can see
the problem developing immediately after printing the sheet,
other times the problem occurs while drying. However the problem
occurs it is costly to fix, if it can be fixed. Occasionally it
can be eliminated by changing the color sequence, the inks, the
paper, changing to a press with a drier, printing the problem
area in a separate pass through the press or changing the
racking (reducing the number of sheets on the drying racks).
Since it is a function of graphical design, the buyer pays for
the increased cost.
Gloss: A shiny look reflecting light.
Grain: The direction in which the paper fiber
lie.
Grippers: The metal fingers on a printing press
that hold the paper as it passes through the press.
Hairline: A very thin line or gap about the
width of a hair or 1/100 inch.
Halftone: Converting a continuous tone to dots
for printing.
Hard copy: The output of a computer printer, or
typed text sent for typesetting.
Hickey: Reoccurring unplanned spots that appear
in the printed image from dust, lint, dried ink.
High-bulk paper: A paper made thicker than its
standard basis weight.
Highlight: The lightest areas in a picture or
halftone.
Image area: Portion of paper on which ink can
appear.
Imposition: Positioning printed pages so they
will fold in the proper order.
Impression: Putting an image on paper.
Imprint: Adding copy to a previously printed
page.
Indicia: Postal information place on a printed
product.
Ink fountain: The reservoir on a printing press
that hold the ink.
Keylines: Lines on mechanical art that show
position of photographs or illustrations.
Kiss die cut: To cut the top layer of a
pressure sensitive sheet and not the backing.
Knock out: To mask out an image.
Laid finish: Simulating the surface of handmade
paper.
Laminate: To cover with film, to bond or glue
one surface to another.
Layflat: See Eurobind.
Line copy: High contrast copy not requiring a
halftone.
Lines per inch: The number of rows of dots per
inch in a halftone.
Loupe: A magnifying glass used to review a
printed image, plate and position film.
Magenta: Process red, one of the basic colors
in process color.
Makeready: All the activities required to
prepare a press for printing.
Marginal words: Call outs for directions on
various parts of a business form.
Mask: Blocking light from reaching parts of a
printing plate.
Matchprint: Trade name for 3M integral color
proof.
Matte finish: Dull paper or ink finish.
Mechanical: Camera ready art all contained on
one board.
Mechanical separation: Mechanical art overlay
for each color to be printed.
Micrometer: Instrument used to measure the
thickness of different papers.
Middle tones: The tones in a photograph that
are approximately half as dark as the shadow area.
Moire: Occurs when screen angles are wrong
causing odd patterns in photographs.
Negative: The image on film that makes the
white areas of originals black and black areas white.
Non-reproducing blue: A blue color the camera
cannot see. Used in marking up artwork.
Offsetting: Using an intermediate surface used
to transfer ink. Also, an unpleasant happening when the images
of freshly printed sheets transfer images to each other.
Offset paper: Term for uncoated book paper.
Ok sheet: Final approved color inking sheet
before production begins.
Opacity: The amount of show-through on a
printed sheet. The more opacity or the thicker the paper the
less show-through. (The thicker/heavier the paper the higher the
cost.)
Outline halftone: Removing the background of a
picture or silhouetting an image in a picture.
Overlay: The transparent cover sheet on artwork
often used for instructions.
Overrun or overs: Copies printed in excess of
the specified quantity. (Printing trade terms allow for + - 10 %
to represent a completed order.)
Page count: Total number of pages in a book
including blanks.
Pattern carbon: Special carbon paper used in
business forms that only transfers in certain areas.
Perfect bind: A type of binding that glues the
edge of sheets to a cover like a telephone book, Microsoft
software manual, or Country Living Magazine.
Perfecting press: A sheet fed printing press
that prints both sides of a sheet in one pass.
Pica: Unit of measure in typesetting. One pica
= 1/6 inch.
Picking: Printers nightmare that occurs as the
surface of a sheet lifts off during printing. Generally a paper
manufactures quality control problem.
Pin register: A standard used to fit film to
film and film to plates and plates to press to assure the proper
registration of printer colors.
Plate gap: Gripper space. The area where the
grippers hold the sheet as it passes through the press.
PMS: The abbreviated name of the Pantone Color
Matching System.
PMT: Abbreviated name for photomechanical
transfer. Often used to make position prints.
Point: For paper, a unit of thickness equaling
1/1000 inch. for typesetting, a unit of height equaling 1/72
inch.
PostScript: The computer language most
recognized by printing devices.
Press number: A method of numbering
manufacturing business forms or tickets.
Printing Bids: A printing bid is based on
planned specifications, normally good for 30 days, may be
subject to review and revision upon receipt.
Printing Estimates: Printing estimates are also
know as spec bids or budgeting bids or budgeting estimates.
Printing Estimates: A printing estimate is
based on planned, but not firm, specifications that shall
subject to change and requote prior to submission to the
printer.
Printing Quotes: A firm printing price based on
final art or digital files, price good for 10 days, and shall be
subject to review thereafter.
Pressure-sensitive paper: Paper material with
self sticking adhesive covered by a backing sheet.
Process blue: The blue or cyan color in process
printing.
Process colors: Cyan (blue), magenta (process
red), yellow (process yellow), black (process black).
Ragged left: Type that is justified to the
right margin and the line lengths vary on the left.
Ragged right: Type that is justified to the
left margin and the line lengths vary on the right.
Ream: Five hundred sheets of paper.
Recto: Right-hand page of an open book.
Reflective copy: Copy that is not transparent.
Register: To position print in the proper
position in relation to the edge of the sheet and to other
printing on the same sheet.
Register marks: Cross-hair lines or marks on
film, plates, and paper that guide strippers, platemakers,
pressmen, and bindery personnel in processing a print order from
start to finish.
Reverse: The opposite of what you see. Printing
the background of an image. For example; type your name on a
piece of paper. The reverse of this would be a black piece of
paper with a white name.
Rip film: A method of making printing negatives
from PostScript files created by desktop publishing.
Saddle stitch: Binding a booklet or magazine
with staples in the seam where it folds.
Scanner: Device used to make color separations,
halftones, duo tones and tri tones. Also a device used to scan
art, pictures or drawings in desktop publishing.
Score: A crease put on paper to help it fold
better.
Screen angles: Frequently a desktop publishers
nightmare. The angles at which halftone, duo tones, tri tones,
and color separation printing films are placed to make them look
right.
Self-cover: Using the same paper as the text
for the cover.
Shadow: The darkest areas of a photograph.
Show-through: Printing on one side of a sheet
that can be seen on the other side of the sheet.
Side guide: The mechanical register unit on a
printing press that positions a sheet from the side.
Side stitch: Binding by stapling along one side
of a sheet.
Signature: A sheet of printed pages which when
folded become a part of a book or publication.
Silhouette halftone: A term used for an outline
halftone.
Skid: A pallet used for a pile of cut sheets.
Specifications: A precise description of a
print order.
Spine: The binding edge of a book or
publication.
Split fountain: Putting more than one ink in a
printing fountain to achieve special color affects.
Spoilage: Planned paper waste for all printing
operations.
Spot varnish: Varnish used to hilight a
specific part of the printed sheet.
Stamping: Term for foil stamping.
Stat: Term for inexpensive print of line copy
or halftone.
Step-and-repeat: A procedure for placing the
same image on plates in multiple places.
Stet: A proof mark meaning let the original
copy stand.
Stock: The material to be printed.
Stripping: The positioning of film on a flat
prior to platemaking.
Substance weight: A term of basis weight when
referring to bond papers.
Substrate: Any surface on which printing is
done.
Text paper: Grades of uncoated paper with
textured surfaces.
Tints: A shade of a single color or combined
colors.
Tissue overlay: Usually a thin transparent
paper placed over artwork for protection uses for marking color
breaks and other printer instructions.
Transfer tape: A peel and stick tape used in
business forms.
Transparency: A positive photographic slide on
film allowing light to pass through.
Transparent copy: A film that light must pass
through for it to be seen or reproduced.
Transparent ink: A printing ink that does not
conceal the color under it.
Trapping: The ability to print one ink over the
other.
Trim marks: Similar to crop or register marks.
These marks show where to trim the printed sheet.
Trim size: The final size of one printed image
after the last trim is made.
Under-run: Production of fewer copies than
ordered. See over run.
Up: Printing two or three up means printing
multiple copies of the same image on the same sheet.
UV coating: Liquid laminate bonded and cured
with ultraviolet light. Environmentally friendly.
Varnish: A clear liquid applied to printed
surfaces for looks and protection. (UV coating looks better.)
Verso: The left hand page of an open book.
Vignette halftone: A halftone whose background
gradually fades to white.
Washup: Removing printing ink from a press,
washing the rollers and blanket. Certain ink colors require
multiple washups to avoid ink and chemical contamination.
Waste: A term for planned spoilage.
Watermark: A distinctive design created in
paper at the time of manufacture that can be easily seen by
holding the paper up to a light.
Web: A roll of printing paper.
Web press: The name of a type of presses that
print from rolls of paper.
Wire O: A bindery trade name for mechanical
binding using double loops of wire through a hole.
Wire-O binding: A method of wire binding books
along the binding edge that will allow the book to lay flat
using double loops. See Wire O.
With the grain: Folding or feeding paper into
the press or folder parallel to the grain of the paper.
Work and tumble: Printing one side of a sheet
and turning it over from the gripper to the tail to print the
second side using the same side guide and plate for the second
side.
Work and turn: Printing one side of a sheet and
turning it over from left to right ussing the same side guides
and plate for the second side.
Wove paper: A paper having a uniform unlined
surface with a smooth finish.
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